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A global network of autonomous ocean floats
Argo measures conditions below the ocean surface. Its observations support research, climate-change analysis, and communication about ocean science.
Explore ocean data for your research
- access temperature and salinity datasets
- track floats across the global ocean
- integrate data into models and publications
- use standardised, quality-controlled observations
Global ocean monitoring
We manage Ireland’s contribution to Argo, a core part of the Global Ocean Observing System (GOOS). Around 4,000 floats worldwide profile the upper 2,000 metres of the ocean. Their temperature and salinity measurements support research into ocean circulation, heat storage, climate variability, and freshwater balance.
How Argo floats work
Argo floats move through the ocean and collect observations automatically. Their profiles reveal temperature changes with depth, ocean layering, and the movement of water masses.
- drifts at depth, typically 1,000 metres
- descends to deeper layers
- rises to the surface while collecting data
- sends data by satellite in near real time
European collaboration: Euro-Argo
- maintains approximately 25% of the global float network
- focuses on high latitudes and marginal seas
- develops technologies including Deep Argo, which profiles to full ocean depth
- develops Biogeochemical Argo floats that measure oxygen, pH, nitrate, and chlorophyll
Research applications and impact
Argo observations support scientific research, operational services, decision-making, and long-term understanding of the climate system.
Climate-change analysis
The ocean absorbs over 90% of excess heat in the climate system. Argo observations help researchers track ocean warming, understand climate variability, and link ocean data to weather systems.
Ocean modelling and forecasting
Researchers use standardised observations for ocean modelling, data assimilation, and forecasting. Argo data also contributes to global climate models and operational forecasting systems.
Marine ecosystem studies
Temperature and salinity profiles help researchers examine ocean circulation, heat storage, freshwater balance, and conditions relevant to marine ecosystem studies.
Marine heatwaves
Argo data has helped identify marine heatwaves in the North Atlantic. The observations provide evidence for climate reports, input to forecasting systems, and data for policy and planning.
Ocean observing in Ireland
- offshore monitoring
- coastal observations
- deep-sea surveys
Get involved or learn more
For expert commentary, email communications@marine.ie.For more information about Marine Institute research infrastructure, visit [marine.ie].Follow updates from Argo Ireland on Twitter/X, Argo Ireland on Bluesky, Euro-Argo on Bluesky, and the Marine Institute.